Research Links

Research Evidence Links

Miss Representation 

1. Teenagers on average, spend 10 hours 45 minutes a day consuming Media.

2. 53% of 13 year old girls are unhappy with their bodies, by 17 the statistic is 78%

3.  Girls learn from a very early age, the most important thing is how they look

4. The ideal image of beauty is becoming more extreme and impossible than ever before – Jean Kilbourne

5. 97% of publishing companies are owned by Males

6. In the 1990’s studies found a steady increase in explicitly sexual images in advertising

7. The exploitation of female bodies sell products

8. Females are not represent in the Media for doing something, they are represented for how they look

9. As a culture woman are brought up to be fundamentally insecure

10. A lot of advertising is based on making people feel anxious and insecure – Jean Kilbourne

Scoop It

Kilbourne (1995)- this media representation presents women as mannequins: tall and thin, often US size zero, with very long legs, perfect teeth and hair, and skin without a blemish in sight. Wolf notes that the media encourage women to view their bodies as a project in constant need of improvement.

http://www.fastcocreate.com/3020948/watch-photoshop-turn-a-woman-into-a-completely-different-woman

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IswzUll_jPIC&pg=PA9&dq=representation+of+women+in+advertisement&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cAV4Usm5N8qo0wWR6YDADg&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=representation%20of%20women%20in%20advertisement&f=false

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RfBHUXRCXfAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=representation+of+women+in+advertisement&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rQZ4Us2gFumf0QX6iICoAw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=representation%20of%20women%20in%20advertisement&f=false

'Everyday people are bombarded by visual advertisements that encourage them to buy a particular product. However, the images used also act as socializing agents that influence our attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviours (Lindner 2004). 

'Moderate sexual content in advertising is rated by viewers attention- getting, engaging, appealing and interesting' (Reichert & Walker 2005)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HaB2b1w52yE&feature=youtu.be

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTlmho_RovY

http://www.advertisingcritic.com/nicole-kidman-ad-for-chanel-no-5-perfume/

http://www.aef.com/on_campus/classroom/book_excerpts/data/2476

Craig (1997) concluded that advertisers structure the gender images in their commercials to match the expectations and fantasies of their intended audience. (Chanel No5).

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&ved=0CHQQFjAH&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aber.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2FStudents%2Fdde0302.doc&ei=Vbx8Us_UF8e60QXRyYDgAw&usg=AFQjCNGerG1VIM4irupm-CoTGIf-a49Jmg&sig2=guD96hTKV0z5c_xb9FgqRw&bvm=bv.56146854,d.d2k

Taflinger - Women desire relationship and romance. Thus, the cycle of advertising follows the rule of attraction. 

http://www.justluxe.com/fine-living/health/feature-1803733.php

http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1872

http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/nsfall01/FinalArticles/TheNatureOfHumanAttractio.html


Radway claims that romantic fantasy is a form of regression in which the reader is imaginatively and emotionally transported to a time ‘when she was the center of a profoundly nurturant individual’s attention’- Cultural theory and popular culture.

http://introsociology.net/brittneyw/tag/objectification-of-women/